March 14 Totally Explained

Everything about March 14 totally explained

ť For the Lebanese political coalition, see March 14 Alliance.

Events

1489 - The Queen of Cyprus, Catherine Cornaro, sells her kingdom to Venice.
1590 - Battle of Ivry: Henry of Navarre and the Huguenots defeat the forces of the Catholic League under the Duc de Mayenne during the French Wars of Religion.
1647 - Thirty Years' War: Bavaria, Cologne, France and Sweden sign the Truce of Ulm.
1757 - On-board the HMS Monarch, Admiral John Byng is executed by firing squad for neglecting his duty.
1794 - Eli Whitney is granted a patent for the cotton gin.
1869 - Defeat of Titokowaru.
1889 - German Ferdinand von Zeppelin patents his "Navigable Balloon"
1900 - The Gold Standard Act is ratified, placing United States currency on the gold standard.
1903 - The Hay-Herran Treaty, granting the United States the right to build the Panama Canal, is ratified by the United States Senate. The Colombian Senate would later reject the treaty.

1910 - Lakeview Gusher, the largest U.S. oil well gusher near Bakersfield, California, vented to atmosphere.

1915 - World War I: Cornered off the coast of Chile by the Royal Navy after fleeing the Battle of the Falkland Islands, the German light cruiser SMS Dresden is abandoned and scuttled by her crew.

1926 - A train in Costa Rica falls into the Río Virilla, killing 248 and injuring 93.

1937 - Pope Pius XI officially issued the encyclical Mit Brennender Sorge to Nazi Germany.

1939 - German troops fully occupy the Czechoslovak provinces of Bohemia and Moravia.

1942 - John Bumstead and Orvan Hess became the first in the world to successfully treat a patient, Anne Miller, using penicillin.

1943 - World War II - The Kraków Ghetto is 'liquidated'.

1945 - World War II - The R.A.F. first operational use of the Grand Slam bomb, Bielefeld, Germany.

1951 - Korean War: For the second time, United Nations troops recapture Seoul.

1964 - A jury in Dallas, Texas find Jack Ruby guilty of killing Lee Harvey Oswald, assassin of John F. Kennedy.

1967 - The body of President John F. Kennedy is moved to a permanent burial place at Arlington National Cemetery.

1978 - The Israeli Defense Force invades and occupies southern Lebanon, in Operation Litani.

1979 - In China, a Hawker Siddeley Trident crashes into a factory near Beijing, killing at least 200.

1980 - In Poland, a plane crashes during an emergency landing near Warsaw, killing 87 people, including a 14-man American boxing team.

1984 - Gerry Adams, head of Sinn Féin, is seriously wounded in an assassination attempt in central Belfast.

1994 - Timeline of Linux development: Linux kernel version 1.0.0 is released.

1995 - Space Exploration: Astronaut Norman Thagard becomes the first American astronaut to ride to space on-board a Russian launch vehicle.

1997 - The Chinese city of Chongqing (formerly Chunking) is upgraded to a centrally administered municipality.

1998 - An earthquake measuring 6.9 on the Richter scale hits southeastern Iran.

2005 - Cedar Revolution, where over one and a million Lebanese went into the streets of Beirut to demonstrate against the Syrian military presence in Lebanon, and against the government, following the assassination of Prime Minister Rafik Hariri.

Births

1638 - Johann Georg Gichtel, German mystic (d. 1710)

1681 - Georg Philipp Telemann, German composer (d. 1767)

1790 - Ludwig Emil Grimm, German painter and engraver (d. 1863)

1804 - Johann Strauß, Sr., Austrian composer (d. 1849)

1807 - Josephine of Leuchtenberg, queen of Sweden and Norway (d. 1876)

1813 - Joseph Philo Bradley, U.S. Supreme Court Justice (d. 1892)

1822 - Teresa of the Two Sicilies, Empress of Brazil (d. 1889)

1823 - Théodore de Banville, French writer (d. 1891)

1835 - Giovanni Schiaparelli, Italian astronomer (d. 1910)

1844 - King Umberto I of Italy (d. 1900)

1853 - Ferdinand Hodler, Swiss painter (d. 1918)

1854 - Paul Ehrlich, German scientist, Nobel laureate (d. 1915)

1854 - Alexandru Macedonski, Romanian writer (d. 1920)

1854 - John Lane, British publisher (d. 1925)

1862 - Vilhelm Bjerknes, Norwegian physicist (d. 1961)

1863 - Casey Jones, American railroad engineer (d. 1900)

1866 - Alexey Troitsky, Russian chess problemist (d. 1942)

1869 - Algernon Blackwood, British writer (d. 1951)

1879 - Albert Einstein, German-born physicist, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1955)

1880 - Princess Thyra, daughter of Frederick VIII of Denmark (d. 1945)

1882 - Waclaw Sierpinski, Polish mathematician (d. 1969)

1885 - Raoul Lufbery, American World War I pilot (d. 1918)

1886 - Firmin Lambot, Belgian cyclist (d. 1964)

1887 - Sylvia Beach, American publisher (d. 1962)

1887 - Charles Reisner, American silent actor and film director (d. 1962)

1888 - Marc-Aurèle Fortin, Quebec painter (d. 1970)

1894 - Osa Johnson, American explorer (d. 1953)

1898 - Arnold Chikobava, Georgian linguist (d. 1985)

1899 - K.C. Irving, Canadian industrialist (d. 1992)

1903 - Mustafa Barzani, Kurdish politician (d. 1979)

1903 - Adolph Gottlieb American painter (d. 1974)

1904 - Doris Eaton Travis, American actress, Ziegfeld girl

1905 - Raymond Aron, French philosopher (d. 1983)

1908 - Ed Heinemann, American aircraft designer (Douglas Aircraft; d. 1991)

1908 - Maurice Merleau-Ponty, French phenomenological philosopher (d. 1961)

1912 - Les Brown, American bandleader (d. 2001)

1912 - Charles Van Acker, Belgian racing driver (d. 1998)

1914 - Lee Elhardt Hays, American folksinger (d. 1981)

1914 - Bill Owen, British actor (d. 1999)

1914 - Lee Petty, American race car driver (d. 2000)

1915 - Alexander Brott, Canadian conductor and composer (d. 2005)

1916 - Horton Foote, American author, playwright and screenwriter

1918 - Dennis Patrick, American actor (d. 2002)

1920 - Hank Ketcham, American cartoonist (d. 2001)

1921 - S. Truett Cathy, founder of Chick-fil-A

1922 - Les Baxter, American musician and composer (d. 1996)

1923 - Diane Arbus, American photographer (d. 1971)

1925 - William Clay Ford, Sr., American owner of the Detroit Lions

1925 - Francis A. Marzen, American Catholic prelate (d. 2004)

1928 - Frank Borman, American astronaut and CEO

1931 - Phil Phillips, American singer and songwriter

1932 - Naina Yeltsina, Russia's first First Lady

1933 - Sir Michael Caine, British actor

1933 - René Felber, former member of the Swiss Federal Council

1933 - Quincy Jones, American musician and composer

1934 - Eugene Cernan, American astronaut

1934 - Paul Rader, the 15th General of The Salvation Army

1936 - Bob Charles, New Zealand golfer

1939 - Raymond J. Barry, American actor

1939 - Bertrand Blier, French film director and screenwriter

1939 - Stavros Xarhakos, Greek composer

1939 - Pilar Bardem, Spanish actress

1941 - Wolfgang Petersen, German director

1942 - Rita Tushingham, British actress

1943 - Anita Morris, American actress (d. 1994)

1945 - Jasper Carrott, British comedian

1945 - Michael Martin Murphey, American country music singer

1945 - Walter Parazaider, American saxophonist Chicago

1946 - Steve Kanaly, American actor

1947 - Pam Ayres, British poet

1947 - William J. Jefferson, American politician

1948 - Tom Coburn, American politician, junior senator from Oklahoma

1948 - Billy Crystal, American actor and comedian

1950 - Rick Dees, American disc jockey

1951 - Jerry Greenfield, American co-founder of Ben & Jerry's ice cream

1956 - Jonathan Bowen, British computer scientist

1956 - Colin Ayre, British football player

1957 - Andrew Robinson, British author

1957 - Tad Williams, American author

1958 - Albert II, Prince of Monaco

1959 - Tamara Tunie, American actress

1960 - Kirby Puckett, American baseball player (d. 2006)

1961 - Greg Anderson, American NHRA driver

1961 - Penny Johnson Jerald, American actress

1961 - Hiro Matsushita, Japanese racing driver

1963 - Bruce Reid, Australian cricketer

1965 - James Kevin Brown, American baseball player

1965 - Catherine Dent, American actress

1965 - Aamir Khan, Indian actor

1965 - Kiana Tom, American fitness guru and model

1965 - Kevin Williamson, American screenwriter

1966 - Elise Neal, American actress

1968 - Megan Follows, Canadian actress

1969 - Larry Johnson, American basketball player

1970 - Ebru Kavaklıoğlu, Russian athlete

1970 - Meredith Salenger, American actress

1974 - Patrick Traverse, Canadian ice hockey player

1975 - Stephen Harper, British/English footballer

1975 - Johan Paulik (aka Daniel Ferenčík), Slovak porn star

1975 - Wendy Rice, American actress

1975 - Rico Yan, Filipino actor (d. 2002)

1976 - Merlin Santana, American actor (d. 2002)

1977 - Aki Hoshino, Japanese model

1978 - Pieter van den Hoogenband, Dutch swimmer

1979 - Nicolas Anelka, French footballer

1979 - Chris Klein, American actor

1979 - Love, Angolan footballer

1979 - Sead Ramović, German-born Bosnian footballer

1980 - Aaron Brown, British/English footballer

1980 - Matteo Grassotto, Italian racing driver

1980 - Ben Herring, New Zealand rugby union footballer

1980 - Mercedes McNab, Canadian-born actress

1981 - Bobby Jenks, American baseball player

1981 - Mei-Ting Sun, Chinese-born pianist

1982 - Carlos Marinelli, Argentine footballer

1983 - Bakhtiyar Artayev, Kazakh boxer

1983 - Taylor Hanson, American musician, member of Hanson

1985 - Eva Angelina, American porn star

1985 - Idaira, Spanish singer

1985 - Brianna Love, American porn Star

1986 - Jamie Bell, British actor

1986 - Elton Chigumbura, Zimbabwean cricketer

1986 - Andy Taylor, British/English footballer

Deaths

752 - Pope Zachary

968 - Matilda of Ringelheim, German Queen (c. 895)

1457 - Jingtai Emperor of China (b. 1428)

1471 - Sir Thomas Malory, English author (b. 1405)

1647 - Frederick Henry, Prince of Orange (b. 1584)

1648 - Ferdinando Fairfax, 2nd Lord Fairfax of Cameron, English general (b. 1584)

1680 - René Le Bossu, French critic (b. 1631)

1682 - Jacob Isaakszoon van Ruysdael, Dutch painter (b. 1628)

1696 - Jean Domat, French jurist (b. 1625)

1698 - Claes Rålamb, Swedish statesman (b. 1622)

1748 - George Wade, British military leader (b. 1673)

1757 - John Byng, British admiral (executed) (b. 1704)

1791 - Johann Salomo Semler, German historian and Bible commentator (b. 1725)

1803 - Friedrich Gottlieb Klopstock, German writer (b. 1724)

1805 - Stanisław Szczęsny Potocki, Russian general (b. 1753)

1811 - Augustus FitzRoy, 3rd Duke of Grafton, Prime Minister of the United Kingdom (b. 1735)

1823 - Charles François Dumouriez, French general (b. 1739)

1883 - Karl Marx, German philosopher and political theorist (b. 1818)

1884 - Quintino Sella, Italian statesman (b. 1827)

1932 - George Eastman, American inventor, and founder of Eastman Kodak (b. 1854)

1933 - Balto, husky dog who brought back the antitoxin in 1925

1946 - Werner von Blomberg, field marshal (b. 1878)

1949 - John Callan O'Laughlin, American political and military figure and journalist (b. 1873)

1957 - Evagoras Pallikarides, Cypriot freedom fighter (b. 1938)

1973 - Howard Aiken, American engineer (b. 1900)

1973 - Rafael Godoy, Colombian composer (b. 1907)

1973 - Chic Young, American cartoonist (b. 1901)

1975 - Susan Hayward, American actress (b. 1917)

1976 - Busby Berkeley, American choreographer and director (b. 1895)

1977 - Fannie Lou Hamer, American civil rights activist (b. 1917)

1980 - Mohammad Hatta, Indonesian politician (b. 1902)

1983 - Maurice Ronet, French film actor (b. 1927)

1989 - Edward Abbey, American author and environmental activist (b. 1927)

1991 - Howard Ashman, American lyricist and playwright (b. 1950)

1991 - Doc Pomus, American composer (b. 1925)

1991 - Margery Sharp, children's author (b. 1905)

1992 - Jean Poiret, French actor, director and screenwriter (b. 1926)

1995 - William Alfred Fowler, American physicist, Nobel laureate (b. 1911)

1997 - Fred Zinnemann, Austrian-born director (b. 1907)

1999 - Kirk Alyn, American actor (b. 1910)

2002 - Hans-Georg Gadamer, German philosopher (b. 1900)

2002 - Cherry Wilder, New Zealand-born author (b. 1930)

2003 - Jack Goldstein, Canadian-born artist (b. 1945)

2003 - Jean-Luc Lagardère, French publisher (b. 1928)

2006 - Ann Calvello, Roller Derby Queen (b. 1929)

2006 - Lennart Meri, former president of Estonia (b. 1929)

2007 - Lucie Aubrac, French history teacher and member of the French Resistance (b. 1912)

2007 - Gareth Hunt, English actor (b. 1943)

2008 - Chiara Lubich, Italian Catholic activist and leader and foundress of the Focolare (b. 1920)

2008 - Anthony Minghella, English Oscar winning film director (b. 1954)

Holidays and observances

Japan and Korea - White Day: Japanese holiday similar to Valentine's Day (men give gifts to women).

Roman Empire - Equirria, horse races in honor of Mars were held.

Worldwide - Pi Day, a celebration of the irrational number pi which roughly equals 3.14159.

Estonia - Estonian language day

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